There was a time when Israel, as a nation, had a right to apply Mosaic Laws, such as the use of the death penalty, to enforce them and adjudicate capital offenses. etc. 534-2 - 16-2

Genesis 49:1, “And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days.” In part Jacob said to Judah, Genesis 49:8-9, “Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee. Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?" Jesus was the Lion of Judah and in the line of David.
And Jacob continued with the important Genesis 49:10, “The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.”

With thanks to “The Restored Church of God:”

“Strong’s Concordance translates the Hebrew word Shiyloh as “tranquil” in English. Another word for tranquil is peace. Undoubtedly, this is referring to the Messiah soon to come. In Isaiah 9:6, He is given the epithet, “The Prince of Peace.” We find also, in Isaiah 52:7, a glorious description of the “Shiloh,” in this expression: “How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that brings good tidings, that publishes peace.” In Isaiah 66:12, He promises to “…extend peace to her like a river…” This theme continues in the statement from Isaiah 54:13,”…great shall be the peace of your children.

Jesus Christ has many names: Savior, Prince of Peace, Counselor, Everlasting Father, and many more. Genesis 49:10 focuses on the epithet Shiloh, or Peace.”

In 7 AD Caesar Augustus appointed Caponius Procurator who in turn removed judicial authority from Judea. The scepter refers to tribal identity and self-determination when applying capital punishment, jus gladii, “The right of the sword.” So the temple leaders beat their breasts, etc. and cried that God broke His word in Genesis 49:10; that the scepter had departed Judah. One more verse is of interest, Genesis 49:11, “Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes:” Was Jacob prophesying the fulfillment of Zechariah 9:9? Perhaps "blood of the grapes" is a fore-telling of the Second Coming.

If the Sanhedrin had really believed God's Word they would have known that Shiloh had come and was a child living in Israel in 7 AD. By the time that child was a man sharing His ministry with the people and undermining the cash cow of the temple the Sanhedrin wanted Jesus dead!

Nevertheless, the legal power of the Sanhedrin was restricted so they had to build a case for the Roman authorities. However, Pilate saw through their transparent effort to eliminate Jesus and washed his hands of their scheming before giving them the legal right to kill Jesus.